ABSTRACT
Objectives: To determine students' perception of bedside teaching, to find out barriers in its effective implementation and to suggest strategies to make it an effective learning tool
Methods: This study was conducted in Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University Arar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between November 2013 and January 2014. The study design was qualitative inductive thematic analysis using transcripts from audio-recorded focus group discussions. Four focused group discussions with medical students of 4[th] and 5[th] year MBBS were conducted. Each 40 to 50 minutes discussion session was audio taped and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis extracted key themes pertaining to objectives of the study
Results: A total 75 students of 4[th] and 5[th] year MBBS took part in the study, 48 were female and 27 of them were male. Students believed that bedside teaching is valuable for learning essential clinical skills. They described many barriers in its effective implementation: uncooperative and less number of patients and faculty attitude. Our students suggested various strategies to address these barriers: promotion of awareness among general public about students' learning and its benefits, free medical treatment for expatriates and building of university hospital
Conclusion: Bedside teaching is an important learning tool. Its utility can be enhanced by orienting local patients' attitude towards importance of students' learning, by providing free medical treatment to expatriates and by including bedside teaching in faculty development programs
ABSTRACT
Present investigation concern with combination of two drugs for the treatment of gout. One of these drug [naproxen sodium] is pain killer which is sustain their action within the body for 12 hours and the other drug [colchicine] is anti-gout, which release as conventional dosage. After oral administration naproxen will act as sustain release dosage and increase patient compliance about six batches of tablet were developed and evaluate .For the sustain release action polymers Methocel K4M and HPMCK15were used. These polymers were used in combination used with other inactive ingredients. Two methods were used for proration of final tablets. In 1[st] method only naproxen sodium granules were prepared which are sustained released. In second method these granules were mixed with colchicines powder and other all inactive ingredients. This method is easy and cost effective characterization of pallets and final tablets were performed. Final tablets were evaluated for all tests like appearance, friability, dissolution, hardness, assay, weight variation and in-vitro release study performed. The results obtained were satisfactory and complies with USP specification. Formulation containing combination of Methocel K4M and HPMC K15 showed good sustain release profile for 12 hours
ABSTRACT
Objectives: To determine the frequency of obesity disorders and their co-morbidities in medical students
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Ar'ar, Saudi Arabia. All medical students who consented to participate were included in the study. Their relevant information was recorded on a structured proforma. Weight and height of the participants were measured using calibrated manual weighing scale and Body mass index [BMI] was calculated. The obtained results were interpreted according to classification of body weight disorders. The participants who turned out to be over-weight and obese were further assessed for hypertension, diabetes mellitus and gallstones. The collected data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science [SPSS] version 20
Results: A total of 405 students participated in study, age range was 19-25 years. Male were 169 [41.7%] and female students were 236[58.3%]. Family history of obesity was present in 34.3%. Out of 405 students, 126 were having BMI between 25 and 45.6, among them 34[8.4%] students were obese and 88 [21.7%] were overweight. Sixty two [15.3%] among them were male and 64 [15.8%] female. Fourteen [11.1%] were hypertensive and 9[7.1%] were having gall stones
Conclusion: The frequency of obesity among medical students was 8.4%. Increasing frequency of obesity associated with unhealthy life style needs to be controlled at national level to raise a healthy generation and to reduce burden on health economy
ABSTRACT
Appendicectomy for acute appendicitis is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures. Acute appendicitis has remained a clinical entity and an ongoing diagnostic challenge. A retrospective study was performed to determine histological diagnosis, demographic data, the rate of perforated appendicitis and negative appendicectomies. Histopathological records of 480 resected appendices submitted to histopathology department at Arar Central Hospital in the Northern Border Province of Saudi Arabia over the period of 3 years from July 2011 to June 2014 were reviewed retrospectively, to determine acute appendicitis, complication [gangrene, perforation] rate, negative appendicectomy rate, histopathological diagnosis and unusual finding on histology. Out of 480 specimens of appendix, appendicitis accounted for 466 [97.0%] with peak occurrence in the age group of 11 to 50 years in male and 11 to 40 years in female. Histopathological diagnosis include acute appendicitis 250 [52.0%], suppurative appendicitis 135 [28.0%] acute gangrenous appendicitis 60 [12.5%], perforated appendicitis 9 [2.0%], chronic appendicitis 12 [2.5%]. Negative appendicectomy rate was 14 [3%] and two time more common in female with peak occurrence in the age group of 20-30 yrs. There was no unusual histological finding like carcinoid tumour of appendix. The present study showed a high number of appendicitis in adolescents and young adults. Negative appendectomy was more common in females. The study support routine histological examination of all the appendicectomy specimens to avoid missing of any clinically important and treatable condition
ABSTRACT
Lipoma is a benign soft tissue tumor and one of the most common types of mesenchymal neoplasms in adults. The most common type is the "superficial subcutaneous lipoma", which is just below the surface of the skin. They may be found anywhere in the body where fat is located such as intramuscular, retroperitoneal or gastrointestinal. In the GI tract their most common location is the colon, accounting for 60-75% of all GI lipomas, followed by the small intestine [20-25%]. Lipomas associated with mesentery are not very common and those associated with colonic mesentery are extremely rare and only few case reports are mentioned in the literature. We are reporting a rare case of giant mesenteric lipoma which was originating from sigmoid mesocolon and presented with an abdominal mass without intestinal obstruction. It was successfully removed, preserving the blood supply of sigmoid colon. Post-operative recovery of the patient was smooth and histopathology confirmed the benign nature of lipoma
ABSTRACT
A middle aged diabetic, hypertensive, dyslipidemic, heavy alcohol consumer man came with sudden onset upper back pain and quadriparesis. Examination showed upper motor type quadriparesis with sensation of pain loss up to level of C7 and totally spared proprioception. MRI spine showed features suggestive of anterior spinal artery stroke. Can atherosclerosis be a causative factor for spinal stroke?
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To compare the risk of post operative subhepatic collection and duration of hospital stay with and without drain after elective open cholecystectomy
DESIGN: Comparative study
PATIENTS AND METHODS: This prospective comparative study was conducted in Surgical Unit-II of Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi over a period of 18 months from Jun 2007 to Dec 2008. Adult patients undergoing elective open cholecystectomy were included after fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria. 60 patients were divided in two groups of 30 patients each. Non-probability convenience sampling was used and patients were included in two groups on alternate basis. In group A, subhepatic drain was placed after cholecystectomy and in group B, no drain was placed. Main outcome measures were to compare the risk of post- operative subhepatic collection and post operative duration of hospital stay
RESULTS: Post-operative sub-hepatic collection occurred in two [6.6 %] patients of group A and in two [6.6%] patients of group B. Mean duration of post operative hospital stay was 3.40 days in group A and 2.27 days in group B
CONCLUSION: There is no statistically significant difference in post operative sub hepatic collection and post operative hospital stay in cholecystectomy with and without drain. Placing of drainage as routine after elective cholecystectomy has no advantage, therefore it should be avoided
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To compare management outcome of single layer interrupted extramucosal intestinal anastomosis with double layer conventional method of intestinal anastomosis
DESIGN: Comparative study
MATERIAL AND METHODS: This prospective comparative study was conducted in Surgical Unit-II of Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi over a period of two years from Jan 2007 to Dec 2008. Adult patients undergoing elective or emergency small and large gut anastomosis were included. Esophageal, gastric and biliary anastomosis were excluded. Sixty patients were divided in two groups of 30 patients each. In Group-A single layer interrupted extra-mucosal anastomosis was done and in Group-B double layer anastomosis
Main outcome measures were to compare duration of procedure, post-operative leakage and post operative duration of hospital stay
RESULTS: Anastomotic leakage occurred in two [6.6%] patients of group A and in one [3.3%] patient of group B [p=0.55]
Mean of time taken for anastomosis was 18.30 min in group A and 25.87 min in group B [p=0.001]
Mean of duration of post operative hospital stay was 6 days in group A and 5.87 days in group B [p=0.8]
CONCLUSION: Single layer extramucosal intestinal anastomosis is equally safe and can be performed in shorter time than the double layer intestinal anastomosis
ABSTRACT
The growth factors [GFs] act at different stages of stem cell proliferation. Among them the most important ones found of clinical use are erythropoietin [EPO], granulocyte-colony stimulating factor [G-CSF], granulocyte macrophagecolony stimulating factor [GM-CSF], and thrombopoietin [TPO]. Their concomitant use makes treatment with chemotherapy or radiotherapy easier and cost-effective, with fewer side effects and better quality of life in highly selected patients. This is a review article